focus in photography

How to get Better Focus in Photography

A sharp image is said to be in-focus. How do you do that? Well, you will see 2 options: Autofocus (AF) and Manual Focus (MF) on your DSLR Camera. 

Autofocus (AF)

If you select Autofocus (AF), the area of the frame that the DSLR will use for autofocus is shown by focus points in the viewfinder, when you’re photographing a scene/subject. (Out of all the focus points, the active focus points will flash in red)

single focus point

If you want to select a single focus point, press the + button on your DSLR, then turn the wheel to select your single focus point. (Refer the above image of a Canon 1500D DSLR)

(If your subject lies in the center of the frame – select the center focus point; if your subject lies on the left of the frame – select the left focus point and so on).

In the below image, the center focus point is selected. 

What are focus points on a camera

Once you’ve selected your focus point (say for instance, the focus point selected is center focus point since your subject lies in the center of the frame) – when you look into the viewfinder, you’ll see the center focus point flashing in red. That means, only the center focus point is active, rest all focus points are inactive. Now, halfway press the shutter button to lock the focus and then take the shot.

You can also enable & set the Live View Shoot Mode to select your Focus point and capture the photograph. 

Manual Focus (MF)/ How to lock Manual Focus

autofocus to manual focus

To set Manual Focus – shift the button from AF to MF. Move the Focus Ring manually till your subject appears sharp in the viewfinder. Once you get that, halfway press the shutter button to lock the focus and then take the shot.

When to use Manual Focus

how to do manual focus with focus ring

While photographing in dimly lit/ low light scenes (subjects in low light), your camera will struggle in AF mode. Each time, you try to take the shot, the lens will turn from one end of its focusing options to the other and back again before deciding on where to focus. Hence, Manual Focus is recommended for dimly lit scenes wherein you can set the focus using the focus ring to get a sharp image.

In astrophotography and cases where the camera’s AF mode cannot find sufficient contrast in the scene (low-contrast subjects) to set the focus point, manual focus is recommended.

Other conditions where camera’s AF mode finds it difficult to set the focus point:

  • Subjects with repetitive patterns
  • Photographing under a light source whose brightness, color, or pattern keeps changing
  • Night scenes
  • Very small/tiny subjects; click here to read the blog on macro photography which means photographing sharp, close-up pictures of small subjects (insects, flowers or inanimate objects) with macro lens to bring out their fine details 
  • Backlit subjects
  • Subjects that keep moving within the AF point and can’t keep still due to subject blur or camera shake
  • Subject moving away or approaching the camera
  • When soft focus lens is used

Autofocus (AF) Settings (available on a Canon DSLR Camera)

One Shot AF: Ideal for focusing on still subjects.

AI Servo: Ideal for focusing on moving subjects.

AI Focus: If you use this setting and focus on a subject; when the subject moves, auto switches from One Shot AF to AI Servo.

In case of portrait photography, always remember to focus on the eyes of the subject and the captured image will be a sharp one.

For landscape photography, we recommend – you use a higher f-number (set a small aperture f11, f16 or f22 to create a Deep Depth of Field so that all the objects/subjects (humans, animals, rocks) in the foreground and background of the scene appear sharp (the entire scene is in focus and appears sharp).

To read the blog on What is Bokeh and Depth of Field (Deep Depth of Field, Shallow Depth of Field), click here 

In the below pics, Aperture of f/4 was used to create Shallow Depth of Field & Focus point was changed in every pic.

In this 1st pic, focus was set on the man; hence all others are out of focus & appear blur

Focus in DSLR photography

In this 2nd pic, focus was set on the woman in the centre

How to focus in photography

In this 3rd pic, focus was set on the first woman who is welcoming them with flowers

How to focus in DSLR photography

We bring you ‘Jo & His Camera’ Comic Strips wherein a Magical Camera gives DSLR photography tutorials to Jo.

To understand Focus, Click on the Image below to see the Comic wherein the Camera explains Jo, the concept of Focus with the help of practical examples.

Focus in Photography

When you do photography: Remember the 5E’s – Explore, Experiment, Experience, Enjoy & Express to develop your own style as a photographer.  

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flash photography

Flash in Photography

To illuminate a dark scene – flash, one of the photography basics, is used which produces artificial light; you can use your DSLR camera’s Built-in-Flash or attach an External Flash.

Flash is used in Wedding Photography, Fashion Photography, Portrait Photography, Night Time Photography and Macro Photography.

When outdoors – if the subject, you are photographing is backlit or poorly lit, you can use flash to illuminate the details of backlit subjects and shadow areas.

If you are photographing in poorly lit indoors, use of slow shutter speed may result in a blur photo due to camera shake. Alternatively, if you use high ISO to brighten the photo, the image created may be grainy/noisy. Hence, use of flash is recommended here for a good photograph without the image being blur or grainy.

We bring you ‘Jo & His Camera’ Comic Strips wherein a Magical Camera gives DSLR photography tutorials to Jo.

To understand Flash, Click on the Image below to see the Comic wherein the Camera explains Jo, the concept of Flash with the help of practical examples.

Flash in Photography

iso photography

What is ISO in Photography

ISO, Aperture and Shutter Speed form the Exposure Triangle which plays a vital role in creating the desired photograph.

Exposure Triangle

ISO sensitivity is a measure of the camera’s potential to capture light. One of the photography basics, ISO helps to darken or brighten an image.

It is displayed as ISO 100, ISO 200, ISO 400, ISO 800, ISO 1600, ISO 3200 and ISO 6400. As you increase the ISO number, the brightness of your images will also increase and vice versa. However, the highest and lowest ISO number will vary depending on the DSLR camera you are using.

But, remember – using a very high ISO can affect the quality of the photograph; the resulting image can be grainy/noisy. Most of the photographers set ISO at 100 (standard ISO) to create great pictures with little to no noise. Although, latest DSLR cameras allow very little noise even at a higher ISO number.

We bring you ‘Jo & His Camera’ Comic Strips wherein a Magical Camera gives DSLR photography tutorials to Jo.

To understand ISO, Click on the Image below to see the Comic wherein the Camera explains Jo, the concept of ISO.

ISO

Wondering how to decide on the ISO settings? Here’s how.

ISO 100/ ISO 200: Under clear skies and bright day.

ISO 400: Under cloudy skies and for bright indoor scenes.

ISO 800: Early evening and for dimly lit scenes.

ISO 1600: Outdoor scenes at night and for dark indoor scenes.

ISO 3200/ ISO 6400: For photographing city streets at night.

To understand ISO Settings, Click on the Image below to see the Comic wherein Jo experiments with different ISO Settings and succeeds in mastering ISO.

ISO

For example, in case of Bird Photography – if you are using a faster shutter speed of 1/1000 sec (to freeze the movement) and a smaller aperture f/9, then less light will enter the camera’s sensor; so, to balance the exposure – you will have to increase the ISO from 100 to 400.

Moon Photography

In case of Moon photography, if you are using very slow shutter speed to capture the image, then a tripod is recommended to avoid camera shake. But, if you aren’t carrying a tripod, and if you are using a faster shutter speed of say 1/400 sec and a smaller aperture f/11, then less light will enter the camera’s sensor; so, for correct exposure – you will have to increase the ISO to 400 or above.

When you do photography: Remember the 5E’s – Explore, Experiment, Experience, Enjoy & Express.  

Do Share The Learning – Like It, Post It, Pin It, Tweet It!

shutter speed photography

What is Shutter Speed in Photography? Understanding settings for Waterfall Photography

Shutter lies behind the aperture and ahead of the image sensor. When the aperture opens, light enters the camera. When you click a picture, the shutter opens for a particular period of time to allow light into the image sensor.

Camera Layout-1

Shutter Speed (one of the photography basics) is the time period for which the shutter is open to photograph a scene or the time for which light will pass through to the sensor. It is measured in seconds or fractions of a second.

Remember, bigger the denominator – faster the shutter speed. Hence, 1/4000 sec (0.00025 sec) is the fastest shutter speed while 30 sec denoted as 30″ is the slowest shutter speed. However, the slowest and fastest shutter speed will vary depending on the DSLR camera you are using.

Faster the shutter speed – lesser light will enter the camera sensor and slower the shutter speed – more light will enter the camera sensor.

We bring you ‘Jo & His Camera’ Comic Strips wherein a Magical Camera gives DSLR photography tutorials to Jo.

To understand Shutter Speed, Click on the Image below to see the Comic wherein the Camera explains Jo, the concept of Shutter Speed.

Shutter Speed

Play with different Shutter Speed settings to either freeze the action or to create motion blur.

Faster shutter speed, say 1/250 sec and above will allow you to freeze moving objects. In case of Bird Photography, you can use a faster shutter speed of 1/1000 sec (refer below image captured at 1/1000 sec) to 1/4000 sec to freeze the movement of the bird.

Bird Photography using Fast Shutter Speed

Slow shutter speed is generally used to photograph night landscapes/ dimly lit scenes/ Milky Way/ Star Trails/Waterfall. Shutter speed slower than 1/60 sec records camera movement and will result in a blur image due to camera shake. Hence, you’ll have to use a tripod to click photographs for slower shutter speeds below 1/60 sec to avoid blur photos.

Waterfall Photography

Below is an example of Slow Shutter Speed (Long Exposure) that was used to create motion blur: Slow shutter speed of 1/15 sec was used)

Waterfall Photography

Another example of Waterfall Photography where slow shutter speed was used to make the water look smooth.

DSLR Settings – Shutter Speed: 1/2 secs, ISO: 200, Aperture: F22.

 

Waterfall Photography

How to use beautiful backgrounds in portrait photography

Portrait Photography Ideas

portrait photography

In the above photograph, we’ve clubbed stream photography with portrait photography – using the stream as the background makes the photograph visually more appealing.

Slow shutter speed (long exposure) was used to make the water look smooth. Remember, you’ll have to ask the model to remain still since the slightest movement by the model can cause a blur image since slow shutter speed is used.

Camera settings: (Shutter priority mode) Shutter speed:1/4 secs, aperture: f22, ISO 100.

To understand Shutter Speed Settings, Click on the Image below to see the Comic wherein Jo experiments with different Shutter Speed Settings and succeeds in mastering Shutter Speed.

shutter speed

Shutter Speed is part of the Exposure Triangle, the other two being – Aperture and ISO which plays an important role in achieving the desired photograph.

Exposure Triangle

While exploring different modes on your DSLR camera, try the Shutter Priority Mode wherein you can control the Shutter Speed setting. Based on the Shutter Speed you have set, the camera will set the Aperture for you for proper exposure. Learn more about Shutter Priority Mode here.

 

When you do photography: Remember the 5E’s – Explore, Experiment, Experience, Enjoy & Express to develop your own style as a photographer.

Do Share The Learning – Like It, Post It, Pin It, Tweet It!

Did this blog help you with any ideas to improve your photography skills? For more useful photography tips, examples, ideas & inspiration, please subscribe below to receive notifications of new blog posts by email.

aperture photography

What is Aperture in Photography

Aperture, one of the photography basics, is the opening between the lenses (similar to the pupil of our eye) that lets the light into the image sensor. Wider the aperture opening, more light enters the sensor resulting in a brighter image and vice versa.

Aperture

The lens aperture is measured using f stop scale (f-number): f1.4, f2, f2.8, f4, f5.6, f8, f11, f16, f22 and so on. A smaller f-number means wider aperture/opening while a larger f-number means smaller aperture/opening.

So, f1.4 is the smallest f-number meaning wider opening, so more light will enter, making the photograph brighter. f22 is the largest f-number meaning smaller opening so less light will enter, making the photograph darker. However, the smallest and largest f-number will vary depending on the Lens you are using.

Aperture

As you move from smaller f-number to larger f-number, you are decreasing the amount of light, while moving from larger f-number to smaller f-number adds more light.

We bring you ‘Jo & His Camera’ Comic Strips wherein a Magical Camera gives DSLR photography tutorials to Jo.

To understand Aperture, Click on the below Image to see the Comic wherein the Camera explains Jo, the concept of Aperture.

What is Aperture in Photography

You can play with the aperture settings to create a bright or dark image as per your creative purpose.

To understand Aperture Settings, Click on the Image below to see the Comic wherein Jo experiments with different Aperture Settings and succeeds in mastering Aperture.

Aperture

Aperture is part of the Exposure Triangle, the other two being – ISO and Shutter Speed which plays a key role in achieving the desired photograph/image.

Exposure Triangle

While exploring different modes on your DSLR camera, try the Aperture Priority Mode wherein you can control the aperture setting. Based on the aperture you have set, the camera will set the Shutter Speed for you for correct exposure. Learn more about Aperture Priority Mode here.

Aperture also affects Depth of Field, one of the photography basics. When the aperture is set at a smaller f-number say f5.6, the subject stands out but the background will appear blur, this is known as Shallow Depth of Field. And when the aperture is set at a larger f-number say f22, the background will be visible beyond the subject, this is known as Deep Depth of Field. Learn more about Depth of Field here.